ࡱ> 8:7c bjbj 8(؎U\؎U\  $<OQQQQQQ$ "tuuOO:W,qR ;0R6#/6#6#\uu6# > ^: DNA MUTATIONS NAME _____________________ DATE _____________ There are several types of mutation: DELETION (a base is lost) INSERTION (an extra base is inserted) Deletion and insertion may cause whats called a FRAMESHIFT, meaning the reading frame changes, changing the amino acid sequence. SUBSTITUTION (one base is substituted for another) If a substitution changes the amino acid, its called a MISSENSE mutation. If a substitution does not change the amino acid, its called a SILENT mutation. If a substitution changes the amino acid to a stop, its called a NONSENSE mutation. Below is a section of DNA that codes for a protein. Write the mRNA that is complementary to this DNA. DNA: TAC-GGT-CCA-ATA-ATT mRNA: The mRNA travels to the cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the bases in sets of threes. A set of three bases is called a ___________. The tRNA brings the amino acids to the ribosome to be joined together to make a protein. Identify the amino acid each codon codes for. AUG codes for ________________________ CCA codes for ________________________ GGU codes for ________________________ UAU codes for ________________________ UAA codes for ________________________ Sometimes mistakes happen when the DNA is being replicated. Repair enzymes go along the DNA correcting mistakes. Sometimes the repair enzymes do not repair a change in the bases. This can result in a mutation. Below is a mutation to the original DNA strand in question #1. Write the mRNA for the mutated DNA. Original DNA: TAC-GGT-CCA-ATA-ATT Mutated DNA: TAC-GGT-CCG-ATA-ATT mRNA: Circle the mutation in the above strand. Identify the amino acids the codons code for: AUG codes for ________________________ CCA codes for ________________________ GGC codes for ________________________ UAU codes for ________________________ UAA codes for ________________________ Did the mutation change the protein? __________ What kind of mutation was this? ________________ Below is a second strand of mutated DNA compared to the original DNA. Write the mRNA for the mutated strand and then identify the amino acids coded for by the codons. Original DNA: TAC-GGT-CCA-ATA-ATT Mutated DNA: TAC-GGT-CGA-ATA-ATT mRNA: Circle the mutation in the above strand. Identify the amino acids the codons code for: AUG codes for ________________________ CCA codes for ________________________ GCU codes for ________________________ UAU codes for ________________________ UAA codes for ________________________ Did the mutation change the protein? _________ What kind of mutation was this? _______ Below is a third strand of mutated DNA compared to the original DNA. Write the mRNA for the mutated strand and then identify the amino acids coded for by the codons. Original DNA: TAC-GGT-CCA-ATA-ATT Mutated DNA: TAC-GGT-CCG-AAT-AAT-T mRNA: Circle the mutation in the above strand. Identify the amino acids the codons code for: AUG codes for ________________________ CCA codes for ________________________ GGC codes for ________________________ UUA codes for ________________________ UUA codes for ________________________ A codes for ____________________ Did the mutation change the protein? _________ What kind of mutation was this? ________ Below is a fourth strand of mutated DNA compared to the original DNA. Write the mRNA for the mutated strand and then identify the amino acids coded for by the codons. Original DNA: TAC-GGT-CCA-ATA-ATT Mutated DNA: TAC-GGT-CAA-TAA-TT mRNA: Circle the mutation in the above strand. Identify the amino acids the codons code for: AUG codes for ________________________ CCA codes for ________________________ GUU codes for ________________________ AUU codes for ________________________ AA codes for ________________________ Did the mutation change the protein? __________ What kind of mutation was this? __________ Conclusions and Analysis: Some mutations are harmless. Use examples to support this statement. Some mutations are harmful. Use examples to support this statement. Which mutations are almost always harmful? Why?  G| # @  & ` o   " 2 J Z ţœţœţœvnnnnh`i1OJQJ%hL}hyB*CJ(OJQJaJ(phhyCJ(OJQJhRhza5CJOJQJaJ"h@Whza56CJOJQJaJh$#`hza5CJOJQJaJhzaCJOJQJaJhhza5CJOJQJaJhhzaCJOJQJaJhL}OJQJhyOJQJ+,GlB 1   { ! 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