ࡱ> =?<c bjbj 82؎U\؎U\  ,,8<$t *#to|kwww"www:,ST ^ 08R#k #S#SPww8# > ^: DNA MUTATIONS NAME _________KEY____________ DATE _____________ BLOCK _____ There are several types of mutation: DELETION (a base is lost) INSERTION (an extra base is inserted) Deletion and insertion may cause whats called a FRAMESHIFT, meaning the reading frame changes, changing the amino acid sequence. SUBSTITUTION (one base is substituted for another) If a substitution changes the amino acid, its called a MISSENSE mutation. If a substitution does not change the amino acid, its called a SILENT mutation. If a substitution changes the amino acid to a stop, its called a NONSENSE mutation. Below is a section of DNA that codes for a protein. Write the mRNA that is complementary to this DNA. DNA: TAC-GGT-CCA-ATA-ATT mRNA: AUG-CCA- GGU-UAU-UAA The mRNA travels to the cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the bases in sets of threes. A set of three bases is called a _____codon______. The tRNA brings the amino acids to the ribosome to be joined together to make a protein. Identify the amino acid each codon codes for. AUG codes for ___methionine (start)_______ CCA codes for ___proline________________ GGU codes for ___glycine________________ UAU codes for ___tyrosine_______________ UAA codes for ___stop__________________ Sometimes mistakes happen when the DNA is being replicated. Repair enzymes go along the DNA correcting mistakes. Sometimes the repair enzymes do not repair a change in the bases. This can result in a mutation. Below is a mutation to the original DNA strand in question #1. Write the mRNA for the mutated DNA. Original DNA: TAC-GGT-CCA-ATA-ATT Mutated DNA: TAC-GGT-CCG-ATA-ATT mRNA: AUG-CCA-GGC-UAU-UAA Circle the mutation in the above strand. Identify the amino acids the codons code for: AUG codes for ___methionine____________ CCA codes for ___proline_______________ GGC codes for ___glycine_______________ UAU codes for ___tyrosine______________ UAA codes for ___stop_________________ Did the mutation change the protein? ___no_______ What kind of mutation was this? ___substitution___ Below is a second strand of mutated DNA compared to the original DNA. Write the mRNA for the mutated strand and then identify the amino acids coded for by the codons. Original DNA: TAC-GGT-CCA-ATA-ATT Mutated DNA: TAC-GGT-CGA-ATA-ATT mRNA: AUG-CCA-GCU-UAU-UAA Circle the mutation in the above strand. Identify the amino acids the codons code for: AUG codes for __methionine______________ CCA codes for __proline_________________ GCU codes for __alanine_________________ UAU codes for __tyrosine________________ UAA codes for __stop___________________ Did the mutation change the protein? ____yes______ What kind of mutation was this? __substitution_____ Below is a third strand of mutated DNA compared to the original DNA. Write the mRNA for the mutated strand and then identify the amino acids coded for by the codons. Original DNA: TAC-GGT-CCA-ATA-ATT Mutated DNA: TAC-GGT-CCG-AAT-AAT-T mRNA: AUG-CCA-GGC-UUA-UUA-A Circle the mutation in the above strand. Identify the amino acids the codons code for: AUG codes for __methionine_______________ CCA codes for __proline__________________ GGC codes for __glycine__________________ UUA codes for __leucine_________________ UUA codes for __leucine_________________ A codes for _____nothing________________ Did the mutation change the protein? ___yes_______ What kind of mutation was this? ___insertition_____ Below is a fourth strand of mutated DNA compared to the original DNA. Write the mRNA for the mutated strand and then identify the amino acids coded for by the codons.  Original DNA: TAC-GGT-CCA-ATA-ATT Mutated DNA: TAC-GGT-CAA-TAA-TT mRNA: AUG-CCA-GUU-AUU-AA Circle the mutation in the above strand. Identify the amino acids the codons code for: AUG codes for __methionine______________ CCA codes for __proline_________________ GUU codes for __valine__________________ AUU codes for __isoleucine_______________ AA codes for ___nothing_________________ Did the mutation change the protein? ____yes______ What kind of mutation was this? __deletion________ Conclusions and Analysis: Some mutations are harmless. Use examples to support this statement. _____#2 shows a silent mutation. It had a change in the DNA and a change in the mRNA and codon, but there was no change in the amino acid. So there was no change in the protein.__ Some mutations are harmful. Use examples to support this statement. _____#3 was a substitution that changed the DNA, mRNA, codon, amino acid and the protein. #4 was an insertion that changed all things also. #5 was a deletion and it changed all things also. __ Which mutations are almost always harmful? Why? ___Insertions and deletions are almost always harmful because they change the number of bases and takes it out of a multiple of three. 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